Spouse John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[35] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[36] as well as various street names. She was the eldest daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and 4th son of Edward III, and his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, great-great-granddaughter of Henry III. John of Gaunt: the Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Through his vast estates he was the richest man in England, and his great wealth, ostentatious display of it, autocratic manner and attitudes, enormous London mansion (the Savoy Palace on the Strand) and association with the failed peace process at Bruges combined to make him the most visible target of social resentments. He was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester (the church founded by his grandfather Henry, Duke of Lancaster.Elizabeth (1364-1426), married (1) in 1380 John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1372-1389), annulled 1383; married (2) in 1386 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1350-1400); (3) Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke (d. 1443)Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester.John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester.Henry IV of England (1367-1413) married (1) Mary de Bohun (1369-1394); (2) Joanna of Navarre (1368-1437)Isabel (1368-1368)By Constance of Castile:Catherine (1372-1418), married King Henry III of Castile (1379-1406)John (1374-1375)By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397):John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373-1410)-married Margaret Holland.Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447)Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall.Joan Beaufort (1379-1440)-married first Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem and second Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland.By Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut, mistress:Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. Infanta Constance of Castile Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels.In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in Jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. 5 Duke of Aquitaine Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. What name on the roll of English princes is more familiar? wrote Sydney Armitage-Smith, Gaunts first biographer, in 1904. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem Fortune, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. [12] There was organised opposition to his measures, and rioting in London: John of Gaunt's arms were reversed or defaced wherever they were displayed, and protestors pasted up lampoons on his supposedly dubious birth. "Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster" John of Gaunt (1340-1399) was the son of one king and the father of another. The wealth she brought to the marriage was the foundation of John's fortune. Find Out! Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (13991413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England. He was married on January 13 . Partly as a result of these failures, and those of other English commanders at this period, John was one of the first important figures in England to conclude that the war with France was unwinnable because of France's greater resources of wealth and manpower. In a devastating turn of events, Gaunts physical demise went hand-in-hand with the tyranny of his nephew Richard II, resulting in political hostility between the Crown and the House of Lancaster that threatened the legacy Gaunt had carefully constructed. So here goes. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent (in modern Belgium), Gaunt in . Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried at the Church of St Mary de Castro, Leicester. He was scorned by Henry Percy, the Earl of Northumberland who he fled to for help, and was made to believe an army of rebels moved north to arrest and likely kill him. Those two people were John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (13751447) Buckingham Palace, perhaps the most famous royal estate of all, is also the most expensive - with an estimated value of $4.9 billion, according to Forbes.. A move to the British landmark would . John of Gaunt was married three times and each of his wives were from incredibly different backgrounds. The Last Knight: the Twilight of the Middle Ages and the Birth of the Modern Era. He was also related to Edward III through Ed Mann. This story always drove him to fury. A group designed to gather together living descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399), who was a member of the House of Plantagenet, being the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Gaunts children by Katherine, the Beauforts, began the Tudor dynasty through Gaunts great-granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort: she was the mother of Henry Tudor (later Henry VII). From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. From 1372 John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian chancery which prepared documents in his name according to the style of Peter of Castile, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula 'Yo El Rey' (I, the King). And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. Apr 1, 2022 - Explore Yoli Juan's board "John of Gaunt", followed by 258 people on Pinterest. Alternate titles: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond. His tenants in Leicester even defended his property and reputation from the rebel groups that began to emerge in the midlands. Through his third and last wife he even engendered the first of the Tudors, for which haters of this dynasty cannot forgive him. Children[edit] Jump up ^ Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/541 ; year 1396; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT6/R2/CP40no541a/aCP40no541afronts/IMG_0140.htm ; several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castille & Duke of Lancaster In November he met Joao I of Portugal at Ponte do Mouro on the south side of the Minho River and concluded an agreement with him to make a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of central Castile early in 1387. Katherine Swynford He owned thirty castles and estates in England and France. Jump up ^ Harris (2010), pp. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 829. John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. On his marriage to Infanta Constance of Castile in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and Len in right of his wife, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as 'my lord of Spain. Catherine Parr, Queen of England by Ed Mann. Titles of John of Gaunt: 1. But Gaunt never wished to be king of England, though he fought . John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster The third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault John of Gaunt was born in 1340 at the Abbey of St Bavon, in Ghent in modern-day Belgium. He angered the Commons, who were furious with a group of corrupt members within the kings immediate political and personal coterie. 13421372Succeeded by [18] He hatched several schemes to make good his claim with an army, but for many years these were still-born due to lack of finance or the conflicting claims of war in France or with Scotland. Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe-conducts. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by Katherine - John, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufort - were Chaucer's nephews and niece.On 19 May 1359 at Reading Abbey, John married his third cousin, Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), pp. Ghent, Flanders (now in Belgium) He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. [38] [4] Though John of Gaunt died in fear for his legacy, it was in fact his legacy that has endured for centuries and shaped the English and Spanish monarchies as we understand them today. Titles in pretence June 7, 2022; homes for sale by owner in berwick, pa . When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown, since King Richard II had named Henry a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 274. 1640 drawing of tombs of Katherine Swynford and daughter Joan Beaufort From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne.Queen Elizabeth II and her predecessors since Henry IV are descended from John of Gaunt.ChildrenBy Blanche of LancasterPhilippa (1360-1415) married King John I of Portugal (1357-1433).John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. John of Gaunt (1340-1399) Prev Generation | John of Gaunt William I, King of England View famous kin of William I, King of England 7th Great-grandfather of John of Gaunt 10th Generation Ahnentafel No: 516 Father: Robert I of Normandy Mother: Herleve of Falaise Birth Date: ABT 1025 Birth Location: Falaise, Normandy, France Christening Date: 213, 2834. If "Katherine" by Anya Seton were made into a movie, this is what I'd imagine it to look like. One year later, Gaunt styled himself King of Castile and Len, formally changing his coat of arms by right of his wife. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. Because of his rank John of Gaunt was one of England's principal military commanders in the 1370s and 1380s, though his enterprises were never rewarded with the kind of dazzling success that had made his elder brother the Black Prince such a charismatic war leader. John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. The final years of Gaunts life were spent securing his dynasty and the welfare of his family, and trying to keep the peace in the realm. A retrospective portrait commissioned in c.1593 by Sir Edward Hoby for Queenborough Castle, Kent, probably modelled on Gaunt's tomb effigy. He owned land in almost every county in England, producing a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year (several millions in today's terms). Through his daughter Philippa, he was grandfather of King Edward of Portugal and an ancestor of all subsequent Portuguese monarchs as well. The unrest was cataclysmic for John of Gaunt. (1955). [24] During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. famous poems in zamboanga peninsula; mica mountain high school death 2021; mikey mcbryan wife; jimmy carruthers death; verret funeral home nigadoo, nb obituaries; bbc radio merseyside presenters; st john's university pharmacy program requirements; famosos con el nombre jorge; charles e merrill family tree; tulsa country club membership fees Both of them left very detailed wills. Last night, Dr Adam Rutherford, a geneticist who presents the Radio 4 programme Inside Science, revealed his calculations have found that almost every Briton is related to the . New York: Free Press. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 3. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399 John of Gaunt, Shakespeare's 'time honoured Lancaster', was the fourth but third surviving son of King Edward III and Phillipa of Hainault. Two leading politicians had been beheaded by rebels in London, and Gaunt was left on the Scottish Borders for weeks, waiting for news from the king regarding his fate. The English soldier-statesman John of Gaunt (1340-1399), 5th Duke of Lancaster, played an active part in military and political affairs. 966976. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (June 24, 1340 - February 3, 1399) was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.He gained his name "John of Gaunt" because he was born at Ghent in 1340. "'Une tresriche sepulture': the tomb and chantry of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster in Old St Paul's Cathedral, London". (1) Exercising his first command, Gaunt dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the Earl of Warwick, at which the French withdrew without offering battle. Deceased persons are not concerned by this provision. At the height of his career he was the most powerful man in the kingdom after the king. Remnants of a building in King's Somborne, Hampshire, are sometimes referred to as "King John's Palace". 11 References This section does not cite any references or sources. The Riverside Chaucer. 13711388 John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (13731410)married Margaret Holland. Welcome to My Family Tree Website. Kathryn Warner has once again illuminated the life of a famous Plantagenet figure through genealogical and financial records. 12 Bibliography By Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut, mistress: Political offices Rupert Brooke, Thoughts on the Shape of the Human Body . title regranted to Includes . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Just another site famous descendants of john of gaunt Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in AugustDecember 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a great chevauche from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900 kilometre raid. Though Gaunt is considered for posterity as an unpopular figure, this was largely only within London-centric circles. As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. m. 1371; dec. 1394 John's first child was an illegitimate daughter, Blanche (13591388/89). vningsmstaren champ 5. vuxenpsykiatrin sandviken . He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro the Cruel. The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to likely be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond; these thinly veiled references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. This large medieval building once formed the entrance to the John O'Gaunts football ground, home to Lincoln City until they moved to their present Sincil Bank ground. In the late 1370s, King Edward IIIs health rapidly declined and the Black Prince died, leaving Gaunt as de facto ruler of the country (his nephew Richard was king in minority, and only 14 at the time of the 1318 revolt). Project Gutenberg. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. He was the first of the four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) (third surviving son . 2 Military commander in France famous descendants of john of gaunt Author: Published on: iconoclasts walkthrough ferrier shockwood June 8, 2022 Published in: where to sell high end used furniture John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. Blanche (13591388/89), married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381, without issue Save up to 49% AND your choice of gift card worth 10* when you subscribe BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed PLUS! [2] John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset and 1st Marquess of Dorset, later only 1st Earl of Somerset, KG (c. 1371 - 16 March 1410) was an English nobleman and politician. The union was cemented in politics and despite the birth of a daughter, Catherine, it did not appear to be happy. The survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of plague, by the middle of November. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and returned to England. All of them were born out of wedlock, but legitimized upon their parents' eventual marriage. Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Jump up ^ Jonathan Sumption, Divided Houses: The Hundred Years War III (London: Faber & Faber, 2009), p. 274. My body to be buried in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, of London, near the principal altar, beside my most dear late wife Blanch, who is there interred. Constance died in 1394.During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). Catherine (13721418), married King Henry III of Castile (13791406) He was the wealthiest, most powerful, and most hated man in England for decades. 7.2 Marriages He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year.After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe, possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. The Savoy Palace was systematically destroyed by the mob, and burned to the ground. Their relationship was considered to be scandalous and the chronicler of Saint Albans Thomas Walsingham named Gaunt a fornicator and adulterer, a reputation he suffered for most of his life. Ancestry[edit] The consequences of the revolt for John of Gaunt were enormous. northern cricket league professionals; breaux bridge jail inmates; virtualbox ubuntu failed to start snap daemon; len and brenda credlin john dorrance estate; famous descendants of john of gaunt. This resulted in a minor attack on the Savoy Palace, Gaunts home on the Thames in 1376, and his coat of arms being reversed the sign of a traitor. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV.John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side.John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. [3] When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown as King Richard II named Hereford a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. President Trump is a descendant of Hakon's only legitimate daughter, Duchess Ingibjrg Hkonardttir (Ingebjrg Hkonsdatter) who by marriage became a Swedish princess and was the mother of King Magnus of Norway and Sweden. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter Anya Seton's best-selling 1954 novel Katherine depicts John's long-term affair with and eventual marriage to Katherine Swynford. Issue The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. (1904, 1905). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. King of Castile & Leon Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as Duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the King of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a King could bestow on a subordinate. 6 Relationship to Chaucer The remnants of the castle at Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, once owned by John, sit on John o' Gaunt's Street. Dame Joan Collins looked sensational as she attended Armani and A Rabbit's Foot's Power of Film dinner at swanky Isabel's restaurant in London on Tuesday. War, Politics and Culture in 14th Century England. Jump up ^ Weir, Alison., Katherine Swynford the story of John of Gaunt and his scandalous duchess (London, 2008) pg. 13861387Succeeded by famous descendants of john of gaunt. The John of Gaunt School on Wingfield Road in Trowbridge, Wiltshire,[37] is built upon land that he once owned. Peerage of England Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of the Scottish King Robert II until the crisis was over. The John of Gaunt Stakes is a British race for Thoroughbred horses run annually in June. Gaunt is an anglicisation of Ghent John of Gaunt was born in the abbey of Saint Bavo in Ghent, modern-day Belgium, on 6 March 1340, while his father, who had claimed the throne of France in 1337, was seeking allies against the French among the dukes and counts of the Low Countries. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. The three succeeding houses of English sovereigns from 1399the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudorwere descended from John through Henry Bolingbroke, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively. ISBN 0743226887. Arms[edit] He was born a member of the House of Plantagenet. Henry Bolingbroke In faith of which I have placed hereto the seal of my arms, and also my own signet, which I always carry myself, in the presence of the following witnesses: Maistre John Kenyngham, Doctor in Theology; Sir John Newton, Parson of the Church of Burbach; Sir Walter Piers, Parson of the Church of Wymondham; William Harpeden, and Robert Symeon, Esquires; and by John de Bynbrok, of the Diocese of Lincoln, Notary. John married Katherine in 1396, and their children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. However, their marriage was dramatically cut short when Blanche died in September 1368, probably due to complications from childbirth having recently given birth to a new baby, Isabel, who also did not survive. In September the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. 3869. New creationDuke of Lancaster View famous kin of John of Gaunt 2nd Great-grandfather of Elizabeth of York 5th Generation Ahnentafel No: 22 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Philippa of Lancaster was born at Leicester on 31st March 1360. SuccessorHenry Bolingbroke It is endearing to think of this as purely romantic, but it is likely that through the marriage, he sought to dutifully legitimise his four Beaufort children: John, Henry, Thomas and Joan. The Duke of Brittany London: Edward Arnold. Lancaster city centre has a public house called the John O'Gaunt. Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. Pausing on the journey to use his army to drive off the French forces who were then besieging Brest, he landed at Corunna in northern Spain on 29 July. XII/2, p. 908. ISBN 0-395-29031-7. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), pp. It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new king John of Avis had entered into full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount an ultimately unsuccessful campaign for the throne of Castile. William Shakespeare, Sonnet 152. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France. Preceded by Unable to attack any strongly fortified forts and cities, the raiders plundered the countryside, raiding towns and villages, weakening the French infrastructure, but the military value of the damage was only temporary. John's final campaign in France was in 1378; he planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. 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