[226], In 2014, around 47% of (mostly black) South Africans lived in poverty, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. [125], Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [24] To this end, a small VOC expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table Bay on 6 April 1652. [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. Lennet South African Letesha South African Louw Afrikaans Louw is a surname that has pre 7th century Germanic origins. In 1993, attacks on white civilian targets in public places increased. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Luter South African. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. Means "gratitude" in Sotho. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. African Last Names Ba Bah Ballo Cisse Contee Conteh Diallo Fall Kone Mensah Ndiaye Nwosu Okafor Okeke Okoro Osei Owusu Sall Sane Sarr Sesay Sow Sy Toure Traore Turay Yeboah There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. South Africa's ports and harbours on the Home Front were a crucial strategic asset when conducting a war on a global scale. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. Labour unrest in the industry resulted in a massacre in mid-August 2012, when anti-riot police shot dead 34 striking miners and wounded many more in what is known as the Marikana massacre. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". The first KhoikhoiDutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 16741677. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. From 2629 April 1994, the South African population voted in the first universal suffrage general elections. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. Waterboer, fearing conflict with the Boer republic of Orange Free State, subsequently asked for and received British protection. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. 128 km per hour in the match against England at Cape Town. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. When the war ended, Smuts represented South Africa in San Francisco at the drafting of the United Nations Charter in May 1945. [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. Male | Jabulani, a Zulu name often shortened to Jabu, means "rejoice" and is pronounced Jah-boo-LAH-nee. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". Cuba had initially provided the MPLA with 230 military advisers prior to the South African intervention. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Cattle rustling and livestock theft ensued, with the Khoikhoi being ultimately expelled from the peninsula by force, after a succession of wars. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. 2. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. The uprising spread throughout the country. 1. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). [95] Keate awarded ownership to the Griquas. [61], Indian slaves from the Dutch colonies in India had been introduced into the Cape area of South Africa by the Dutch settlers in 1654. Meaning "lynx" in English. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. [citation needed], The TRC, at the conclusion of its mandate in 2004, handed over a list of 300 names of alleged perpetrators to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for investigation and prosecution by the NPA's Priority Crimes Litigation Unit. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. The monarchy came to an end on 31 May 1961, replaced by a republic as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming the Republic of South Africa. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. Discusses commonest names, some famous names, etymology . Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African Abebe - Origin: Ethiopian. Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994 and formed a Government of National Unity, consisting of the ANC, the National Party and Inkatha. The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. [244], Civil unrest occurred in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces in July 2021, sparked by the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court, after he declined to testify at the Zondo Commission, an inquiry into allegations of corruption during his term as president from 2009 to 2018. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. Here is a list of popular South African last names. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. [243] South Africa received more than 207,000 individual asylum applications in 2008 and a further 222,300 in 2009, representing nearly a four-fold rise in both years over the levels seen in 2007. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. Meanwhile, 34-year-old South African pacer Shabnim Ismail not only took three wickets but also registered her name in record books by bowling the fastest ball in women's cricket. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). [45] Shaka built large armies, breaking from clan tradition by placing the armies under the control of his own officers rather than of hereditary chiefs. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. To Moshoeshoe the BaSotho chieftain from Lesotho, it was customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance of land use under his authority. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. They moved about 500 miles eastward, over the Quathlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), settling ultimately in an area officially designated as "Nomansland", which the Griquas renamed Griqualand East. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. The small initial group of free burghers, as these farmers were known, steadily increased in number and began to expand their farms further north and east into the territory of the Khoikhoi. du Toit is an Afrikaans surname of French origin, originally from Franois du Toit, a Huguenot who moved to South Africa in 1686. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. 3. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. In 1872, after a long political struggle, it attained responsible government with a locally accountable executive and Prime Minister. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. About three thousand Zulu warriors died in the clash known historically as the Battle of Blood River.[81][82]. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. The stat was also shown on television, which . [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. [24], The British explorers David Livingstone and William Oswell, setting out from a mission station in the northern Cape Colony, are believed to have been the first white men to cross the Kalahari desert in 1849. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. In 1854, it was granted its first locally elected legislature, the Cape Parliament. Akpan. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. At the Blombos cave Professor Raymond Dart discovered the skull of a 2.51 million year old Taung Child in 1924, the first example of Australopithecus africanus ever found. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. Hamilton, Carolyn and Bernard K. Mbenga, eds. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the territory between the Orange and Vaal rivers, named Transorange. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. It comes from the word Latin "praetor" and it's very common in South Africa. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. South African surnames. It is now common in South Africa. A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. [207] Following restrictions placed on its activities, the UDF was replaced in 1988 by the Mass Democratic Movement, a loose and amorphous alliance of anti-apartheid groups that had no permanent structure, making it difficult for the government to place a ban on its activities. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. Smuts also signed the Paris Peace Treaty, resolving the peace in Europe, thus becoming the only signatory of both the treaty ending the First World War, and that which ended the Second.[140]. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the new democratic government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to R86,700,000,000 (US$14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. Pearson Longman. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. State, subsequently asked for and received British protection Company Limited, 18801889 '' conquered. Of wars settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for and! It attained responsible government with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background middle! 95 ] Keate awarded ownership to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy Mining Limited. Members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front. [ ]. 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