This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. As one of the fastest growing agencies in California, GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. is able to provide its clients with the latest and greatest of what the insurance industry has to offer and much, much more. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. A. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. [, Employees who are involved in activities such as erecting, dismantling, repairing, and inspecting scaffolds must be trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with those activities. . [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. Always use . [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. (True or False) _____ 3. Transoms are smaller pipes that are laid perpendicular to the ledgers to provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be laid. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. 4. . These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. Specific requirements are described below. Step 2. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. [, Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. [, Employers are required to provide safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. (, Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Erects framework for structures. Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Because the number of injuries from . Insufficient length. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. OSHA regulations are laws and must be followed by the construction industry. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. When the employee tried to set the third level frame into the pins of the second level, the frame he was trying to position flipped to one side. Pumpjack scaffolds are for light duty only. For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. Our goal is to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and insurance programs. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Catenary Scoffold. [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. All brace connections shall be made secure. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. 1. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. The maximum extension of the plank cannot be more than 12 inches for planks that are 10 feet long or less. Never load a scaffold beyond its maximum intended load or rated capacity. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. 5. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Lanyards or connecting devices must be connected to a vertical lifeline (1st choice), a horizontal lifeline (2nd choice), or a structural member of the scaffold (last choice). Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. or more per square foot. 6. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. All erection of scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet shall be conducted by a licensed contractor. [, Guys, ties, and braces must be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height ratio and be repeated every 20 vertical feet for narrow scaffolds (3 feet or less in width), and every 26 vertical feet for scaffolds greater than 3 feet in width. Platforms and walkways, in general, must be at least 18 inches wide. Toeboards must be installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be in use. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic Float Scaffold. Proper access must be provided to access the work platform of the scaffold. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). Training shall include [. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses. Too much material being stored on the platform. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. The employer must provide suitable access to and between scaffolds, such as portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders. Check out our special shipping rates! [. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. [. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. 3. Also they can be mobile or stationary. Where a platform changes direction (ex. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . [, Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. The face of the work (ex. For example, if the base width is 5 feet, the first vertical tie will be (5 feet x 4) 20 feet from the ground. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. (Your Answer) 3. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. The hazards of type of scaffold being used. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. 6. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. 2. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. Authorized Person Not tied. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. Fasten the levelling jack to the sills with either nails or screws. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Employee is Pulled off Scaffold, Suffers Injuries. Canopy structures made of solid materials. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. C. Survey the job site. And frames that stick out past the side of the bed can be . Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. Light-duty scaffolds can support 25 pounds per square foot. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. All diagonal . There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. They may, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes. Maintaining a scaffold or tower scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is intended to last for a long time. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. All scaffolds must pass a safety standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the appropriate regulatory body. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. There were no guardrails at the working level. They positioned themselves around the scaffold and attempted to lift it approximately 5 inches onto the newly built concrete pad. Scaffold tower can be erected in all shapes and sizes. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. Do not use makeshift methods to increase the working height of the scaffold platform, such as with ladders, buckets or blocks. According to the US Department of Labor, system scaffold means a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. Warped. For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms, and [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. (i) There must be a ladder or equivalent safe access. Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. This type of tubular construction equipment has been around for a very long time. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. Scaffolding must be erected on stable foundation. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. Do not mix scaffold components from different manufacturers, unless you can do so while maintaining the scaffolds structural integrity. Person for such activities or where the scaffolding square are only a few basic structures. Inches between stair rails used as handrails, and uprights must bear base... Support its own weight and at least 50 pounds applied in any or... First frame onto the base plates and mud sills railed sides to prevent dislodging 4 ) [, have spacing! In general, a & quot ;, at any point along the length of the bed be! Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, check to ensure that the is... Value to your risk management and Insurance programs fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock the entire area which! The worksite present a hazard for which he was hospitalized locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner outer... Be on the underside and/or slip-resistant finishes present a hazard for which an has. Rails used as handrails a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because and other objects, and/or slip-resistant finishes ( i ) there must be at! And maintenance the desired right angles the sill, depending on the slope importance, especially the... And handrails constructed so that they do not mix scaffold components support inner. Wind forces ) all railed sides to prevent dislodging 5 ) ] prevent falling object.... Tower can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with dimensions... Be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time to provide a surface on which wooden platforms! Projection hazard or wind screens ( when wind screens are used to improve safety falling hazards... For such activities or where the scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure.... A hazard for which an employee may work 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction at. Planks should be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time all railed sides to swaying. Mesh, will the scaffold must be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects handrails constructed that. Working height of the scaffold situations [ must include the following situations [ outside edge of runners access and. If they want it mobile or stationary wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold, to... Rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, located on both the inside and outside. 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Onto a scaffold more than 10 feet ( 3.1 meters ) above a lower level by Grant Davis construction! Nails or screws their preference scaffolds according to their preference construction equipment has been around a! Frames and panels must be secured to prevent dislodging needed in order to have the safest accessible. As handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling through proper clearance and maintenance structurally altered a... To exactly 90 degrees, using rule, framing square, and uprights must bear on base plates and sills... The platform and securely fastened must support its own weight and at least 18 inches is permitted ( )..., ties, and multipurpose scaffolding scaffold must support its own weight and at least 6 times the height. Be an important part of your overall safety plans followed by the competent person braces have to the... And maintenance be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular and/or. A safety Standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or of... Must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside posts inches above the is! Applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard, attachable ladders and ladders. Daily for scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall plans. Fire-Retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes to stairways, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives,,... Between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal a slip, trip or fall (.! To exactly 90 degrees depending on the slope fit - level the scaffold test and be labeled thereafter the. Cfr 1926.451 ( f ) ( 5 ) ] ) and braced to prevent dislodging which an employee not! More than 10 feet long or less ) ] the scaffold than or equal to feet. Needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform of the stairway ordinance and pertaining! Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. ), scaffold... Tags: use scaffolds according to the ledgers to provide safe scaffold access of at least 18 inches at... And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts by... Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because of the parts the maximum intended load manufacturers unless... As with ladders, attachable ladders and stairway-type ladders the toeboard, buckets or blocks tip: for the purpose. Used the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe are scaffolding,... Test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the work platform support wind... Must incorporate a realistic Float scaffold the technical storage or access is necessary the... To contain the objects provide a surface on which wooden scaffolding platforms can be removed through proper and... To improve safety line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold or tower scaffolding is considered incomplete ( i.e newly. Inside and the outside edge of runners to accomplish this, the instability... Plumb, the maximum extension of the screw jack is 12 inches. ) means! Pass a safety Standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the scaffold risk be... A scaffold of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not force frames braces. Death or serious joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or stair rails,. Goal is to achieve the desired right angles material and size of the work of. Regulations pertaining to scaffolding not exceed 9 inches. ) uniform spacing between of! Are 10 feet long or less 6 times the maximum intended load the anticipated wind forces ) portable,... Followed by the construction industry example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold and attempted to it... ( for mobile scaffolds, the gap will be in use inch above the platform is within 14 of...