The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". For Cleopatra there are also periods of several years later in her career when we know next to nothing of her life or whereabouts. Cleopatra was 255 years removed from Ptolemy I, but she was definitely of Macedonian/Greek origin and culture, not African. Originally from Northern Ireland, she is an artist now based in Berlin. My mom never told me how her best friend died. In 41 BCE, the beguiling empress employed similar theatrics when she was summoned to meet Mark Antony, the Roman triumvir in Tarsus. On the most reliable calculation of 3,000 measures, this would mean a leopard-skin sack of a volume roughly equivalent to three modern tanker trucks. According to popular belief, Cleopatra killed herself by allowing an asp (Egyptian cobra) to bite her, but for Greek and Roman historians, Cleopatra poisoned herself using either a toxic ointment or by introducing the poison with a sharp implement such as a hairpin. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users Plutarch explains that a young medical student, Philotas, was there and witnessed life below stairs. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. He was tragically captured and executed shortly after his mother's suicide. Making distraction rewarding since 2017. A couple centuries after cleopatra. It took Caesar two years to extinguish the last flames of Pompeian opposition. Cleopatra and Antony famously took their own lives in 30 B.C., after Octavians forces pursued them to Alexandria. Cleopatra nicknames: Cleopatra, , Cleoara, o, Cleo, Cleopatra nicknames and names Nicknames, cool fonts, symbols and stylish names for Cleopatra - Cleopatra, , Cleoara, o, Cleo, . Cleopatra paid at least one state visit to Rome, accompanied by her husband-brother and son. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Please reach out to us to let us know what youre interested in reading. Nonetheless, the Alexandrians had a reputation for being particularly rowdy. To be fair, she is not alone in this. She died in August, 30 BC, at the age of 39, alongside two of her servants. Cleopatra regained the upper hand by teaming with Julius Caesar, and Ptolemy drowned in the Nile River after being defeated in battle. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Her exotic hairstyle and pearl jewelry became a fashion trend, and according to the historian Joann Fletcher, so many Roman women adopted the Cleopatra look that their statuary has often been mistaken for Cleopatra herself.. Following the war, Cleopatra remarried her other younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. WATCH: Cleopatra: The Last Pharaoh on HISTORY Vault. During their own lifetimes their liaison quickly became infamous, the subject . Part of the problem in trying to assess the myth of Alexandria against the likely historical truth is that most of the Ptolemaic city now lies beneath the sea, inundated by the fourth century AD, after a series of earthquakes and tidal waves. In 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to his son, Ptolemy Caesar, who was nicknamed Caesarion, or little Caesar. And now I want pizza. Once again, she prepared to take her own life, and this time, she was successful. We do not know. German historian Christoph Schaefer has offered yet another theory: The queen may have used a potent mixture of opium, hemlock, and wolfsbane a potion likely tested on a few unfortunate souls to ensure it was pain-free. This was the only province of the Roman Empire to which such travel restrictions applied. Their relationship had a political componentCleopatra needed Antony to protect her crown and maintain Egypts independence, while Antony needed access to Egypts riches and resourcesbut they were also famously fond of each others company. The name Cleopatra has become synonymous with exotic beauty and allure, but the real Cleopatras beauty was further down the list of her charms. In order to preserve the purity of their bloodline and to consolidate power, royals of the Ptolemaic dynasty married within the family. Thats not to say she wasnt irresistible in her own way. Like most other modern writers, Schiff takes this account as vivid testimony of the extravagant pageantry that was laid on by the Ptolemaic court. (July 2017) Read Next The Editors The Opening Editorial November 7, 2013 issue Kirkus Reviews Short Review July 14, 1977 issue John Ashbery She was even something of a feminist, giving Egyptian women rights, unlike other women of the day. Indeed, in 53 BC, Cleopatra had fled . In part maybe, but it was not just that. Cleopatra later employed a similar bit of theater in her 41 B.C. Cleopatra and her son were now co-regents. The Meeting of Antony and Cleopatra, 41 BCE. by Lawrence Alma Tadema, 1885. Octavian told her hed keep her alive, but that was all he said. The fairly traditional picture she paints of Cleopatraas a powerful, independent queen, strategizing to serve her own best interests, and manipulating a succession of Roman grandees with her sexual and intellectual wilesis not necessarily wrong. Egyptian historians, for example, have long conscripted her into their own national story, as a heroine and public benefactress. He took the name Emperor Augustus, and he carried a statue of her through Romes streets every August in triumph. So not only did he sort-of ditch Cleopatra, he also had two children with Octavia. However, they appear to be based on real lost treasures. This was seen amongst many Romans as sacrilege, which didnt improve Cleopatras position. After burying him, the 39-year-old Cleopatra took her own life, though how is uncertain. He goes on to compliment the Alexandrians on the spectacular beauty of their city, tactfully including a passing tribute to Alexander the Great, who had founded it (the hero who is your founder, as Germanicus put it). Octavian seized Antonys will (or what he claimed to be Antonys will) from the temple of the Vestal Virgins, to whom it had been entrusted, and revealed to the Roman people that not only had Antony bestowed Roman possessions on a foreign woman but intended to be buried beside her in Egypt. The Egyptian Queen commanded her own army, enamored not one but two Roman rulers, and inspired countless works of art, literature, and film. In this conversation. Gertrude Elliott and Johnston Forbes-Robertson in Bernard Shaws Caesar and Cleopatra, 1906. She was also ruthless, reportedly killing several family members in order to solidify her power. An impressive move, and one that endeared herself to Mark Antony, who fancied himself to be an embodiment of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry. However, she wasnt just a seductress. Going along with her shenanigans, Caesar commissioned a gold statue of Cleopatra which was erected in the temple of Venus in Rome. The pair became lovers in 41 BC and returned to Alexandria together. Cleopatra was one of the most successful and powerful queens in history. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Cleopatra not only spoke Greek and Egyptian. The naval Battle of Actium, in which Octavian faced the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra on September 2, 31 bce, was a disaster for the Egyptians. Frankly, we shall never know. I tried to get my ex-wife served with divorce papers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". But there was more to Cleopatra than kohl eyeliner, milk and honey baths, and henna tats. Best of The New York Review, plus books, events, and other items of interest. Cleopatras last lover before her death was Mark Antony, the Roman politician and general. Ptolemy XIIIs reign and life ended when he drowned in the Nile River during a battle with Cleopatras and Caesars army. No one knows for sure, but her mother was likely his wife, Cleopatra V Tryphaena. Cleopatra for her part attempted to reunite the Egypt of Ptolemy I Soter. cleopatra nickname golden mouth california nickname golden state golden retriever nickname nickname golden v golden state warriors nickname crossword golden state warriors nickname dubs nickname golden state residents rarely use free fire nickname golden golden mouth nickname golden bear nickname nickname for the golden state crossword Comments When she heard rumors that shed be taken to Rome, she was horrifiedshe didnt want to be paraded around as a prisoner. Caesar called her Golden Mouth. However, he did say that it was the whole packageher wit, her charm, and (again, according to Plutarch) sweetness in the tones of her voice that made her so irresistible to everyone. This story was told by the historian Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, written in 79 AD. This means that Cleopatra actually lived closer to the time of the Space Race than she did to the construction of the pyramids. Cleopatra first began her legendary love affair with the Roman general Mark Antony in 41 B.C. Like everyone in Chronophobia, Cleo represents a time period and was given a codename in order to hide her own identity. When we do, we depend on our loyal, helpful readers to point out how we can do better. The tomb of Alexander was only one among many highlights, though it was a particular favorite with visiting Roman generals. Impressively, Cleopatra spoke as many as a dozen languages and was educated in mathematics, philosophy, oratory, and astronomy. A propaganda war erupted. With the arrival of the conquering Octavian (the future Roman emperor Augustus), Cleopatras husband, Mark Antony, committed suicide under the false impression that she was dead. Foreign Influence Why would an Egyptian queen bear a Greek name, you ask? The library is supposed to have been organized by Demetrius of Phaleron (a suburb of Athens), who was himself a pupil of Aristotle. Cleopatra and Antony died at their own hand in 30 BC, after being cornered by Octavians forces in Alexandria. It is likely, but not proven, that the two married soon after their fathers death. In fact, she was the first member of her family to learn the Egyptian language a smart move, which helped gain her peoples respect and trust. Octavian was furious that the symbol of his victory was gone, but nevertheless, he consented to let Cleopatra be buried side by side with her love Mark Antonybut mysteries still abound about her death and final resting place. And this is not to mention a wealth of writing on technology, geography, mathematics, and medicine, some of which now survives only in Arabic translation. Aided by Julius Caesar, her lover, she returned to power upon her brothers death in 47. Reply . Admittedly, we have only a few scraps of the work of Didymus (probably not a great loss). First came twins named Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios (thats right, twins named Sun and Moon). Archaeologists continue to search for it. Cleopatrasmeeting Mark Antony was truly dramatic. Her wit and intelligence were often downplayed or overshadowed entirely by her sexiness in accounts written by her Roman critics. The Alexandrians themselves were a good match for their city. Yes and no. Following her defeat at the hands of her husband-brother, Cleopatra was forced to flee along with her sister, Arsinoe IV. Her father promoted the teenage Cleopatra to joint regent and deputy, and she ruled alongside her father for four years, during which time she gained valuable knowledge and experience. As Caesar continued his reign in Rome with Cleopatra at his side, there was unrest from both the public at large and those closest to the rulerand there was a dark plan in store for him. Barbara Stepko is a New Jersey-based freelance editor and writer who has contributed to AARP magazine and the Wall Street Journal. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. While Antony is said to have fatally stabbed himself in the stomach, Cleopatras method of suicide is less certain. According to lore, Cleopatra and Mark Antony enjoyed dressing up in disguise and wandering Rome while playing pranks on its unwitting citizens. Antony, who equated himself with the god Dionysus, was captivated. Also bogus. Ouch, man. Political unrest caused by the bad conditions made a coup against Cleopatra almost inevitablebut as always, she had an ace up her sleeve. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". After graduating with a BA in Fashion and Textile Design in 2013, Emma decided to combine her love of art with her passion for writing. Each of the floats required hundreds of men to pull them along, partly because of the ingenious, mechanicaland presumably very heavydisplays that they carried. (Egyptians believed body hair was unclean, and, frankly, uncivilized.) but mysteries still abound about her death and final resting place. Alexander Helios was awarded Armenia and the territory beyond the Euphrates, his infant brother Ptolemy the lands to the west of it. The famous library, which housed the biggest collection of ancient texts ever assembled (though hardly, as Schiff fondly imagines, including every volume written in Greek), stood near the royal palace, and right next door to the Musaeum (place of the Muses)a kind of pleasure gardens, research institute, and dining club rolled into one. She also possessed a mastery of politics and warfare. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Cleopatra VII's portrait on a coin. (July 2017). The other earring was cut in two, and each half was used to adorn the sculpture of Venus in the Pantheon. She experimented with practical alchemy but is also credited as one of the four female alchemists who could produce the Philosopher's stone. For his part, the ancient writer Plutarch claimed that Cleopatras beauty was not altogether incomparable, and that it was instead her mellifluous speaking voice and irresistible charm that made her so desirable. Cleopatra was actually the seventh woman in the Ptolemaic dynasty to bear the name. It was the most expensive movie ever made at the time of its release, and nearly bankrupted its studio despite raking in a fortune at the box office. Antony and Cleopatra spent the winter of 3231 bce in Greece. So Schiff invents a picture of the infant princess scamper[ing] down the colonnaded walkways of the palace, play[ing] with terra-cotta dolls and dollhouses, making regular trips up the Nile, and from an early age[being] comfortable among politicians, ambassadors, scholars. These may be innocent phrases, but they are only pretending to be biography in the usual sense of that word. Her full name was Cleopatra VII, which means that she was the seventh woman with this name in the family of Egyptian pharaohs. In order to meet Caesar face to face, in hopes of enticing him over to her side, she had herself smuggled through enemy lines while rolled up in a carpet, which was brought to Caesars private quarters. Her full title is "Cleopatra the Seventh Palopo" meaning that there were six other Cleopatra's before her. The crowd kept interrupting him with cries of Hurrah, Good Luck, and Bravo, andscarcely concealing his impatiencehe was driven to tell them to calm down and let him finish what he had to say: Men of Alexandriawait till I have completed the answers to each of your questions before applauding. Maybe this was a common problem for ancient speakers addressing mass audiences; certainly, Greek and Roman oratory can hardly have been the sedate affair that it seems now, when we read it on the printed page. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. First, she had Mark Antony alerted that shed died by her own hand. The only member of her house to learn Egyptian, she was said to be a popular ruler. Why, its because she was actually Greek. It all sounds more like the melting pot of New York than the showy decadence of Versailles. Cleopatra was smeared by Octavian as a scheming seductress who had used her feminine wiles to entrap one-third of the Triumvirate. Why, it's because she was actually Greek. Cleopatra joined Julius Caesar in Rome beginning in 46 B.C., and her presence seems to have caused quite a stir. Receive our Weekly Newsletter. While Cleopatra was born in Egypt, she traced her family origins to Macedonian Greece and Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Greats generals. In Rome, determined excavation in the ground can give us a clue to the character of the ancient city, and to how it changed from the rabbit warrens of the first century BC to the much more impressive (or aggressive) imperial capital of the first century AD. Cleopatra inspired numerous books, plays, and movies. Theres speculation to this day about the way that Cleopatra took her own life. She was not going to allow that to happen to her. The means of her death is uncertain, though Classical writers came to believe that she had killed herself by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. In 48 BC, the resourceful Cleopatra, forbidden by her brother Ptolemy XIII to meet with the Roman general, had herself wrapped in a carpet (or, according to some historians, a linen sack) and smuggled into Caesars quarters. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Cleopatra eventually married Mark Antony and had three children with him, but their relationship also spawned a massive scandal in Rome. For 300 years, her family spoke only Greek, so court documents, including the Rosetta stone, were bilingualwritten in both in Greek and Egyptian. In keeping with this custom, Cleopatra eventually married both of her adolescent brothers, each of whom served as her ceremonial spouse and co-regent at different times during her reign. She likely made herself appear more masculine in looks and in manner in order to project a more powerful demeanor. A limestone stela of the High Priest of Ptah bearing the cartouches of Cleopatra and Caesarion, Egypt, Ptolemaic Period, the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London. Thanks for your time! Caesar was dazzled by the sight of the young queen in her royal garb, and the two soon became allies and lovers. But she didnt want to share the power with him either, so had him murdered in order to make her son her co-ruler. She was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes (flute player, the nickname said to refer to his chubby cheeks), but the identity of her mother is a mystery, as is the date of her birth. Shaw's play emphasized the political motivations that brought the rulers together rather than presenting a starry . The rumour quickly spread that Antony also intended to transfer the capital from Rome to Alexandria. After leaving Egypt for Rome, she allied herself with Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Her codename, "Miss Golden Mouth" stems from a nickname of . A heartbroken Mark Antony immediately took his own life by stabbing himself in the stomach. What was a nickname for Cleopatra? Though most of Egypts rulers steadfastly clung to their Greek habits and culture, the inquisitive and open-minded young queen adapted many of her countrys customs. The sculpture was made by Franciszek Pinck (1733-1798). It began to dissolve, and she promptly gulped it downit turned out to be quite the expensive cocktail. She spoke as many as a dozen languages and was educated in mathematics, philosophy, oratory and astronomy, and Egyptian sources later described her as a ruler who elevated the ranks of scholars and enjoyed their company. Theres also evidence that Cleopatra wasnt as physically striking as once believed. The bejeweled MacGuffins of Netflix's Red Notice, golden eggs belonging to Cleopatra VII, are fictional. Yes, thats Ptolemy the brother-lover. Cleopatra entered her tomb and put her plan in motion. Like any good Egyptian ruler, a luxurious tomb was already waiting for her. Why was Cleopatra considered to be a god? Ancient embalmers likely placed the tongue-shaped, gold foil amulet in the deceased's mouth to ensure they could speak in the afterlife. Cleopatra not only adopted the Egyptian religion and worshiped traditional Egyptian gods, she actually believed she was one of them. She spoke (at least) a dozen languages, was well-versed in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. Cleopatras arrival in Rome with her lover, Caesar, caused quite a stir. She has a refreshing, outsiders perspective on this period of Mediterranean history, and plenty of pithy phrases to match. The line had been founded by Alexanders general Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt. There are obelisks called "Cleopatra's Needles" but they have nothing to do with Cleopatra VII.There is no name for Cleopatra's obelisk because she does not . The first three years of Cleopatras reign were tough. Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and its annexation by Rome in 30 bce. When she reflects on how to handle the fictions that have grown up around Cleopatra and how to write a historical biographical account, Schiff writes about peel[ing] away the encrusted myth and restor[ing] context. Here she is at her weakest. Cleopatra, clever and charming, certainly knew how to make an entrance. Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period, and she came to represent, as did no other woman of antiquity, the prototype of the romantic femme fatale. And worshiped traditional Egyptian gods, she prepared to take her own life is said to a! B.C., after being cornered by Octavians forces in Alexandria her husband-brother and son often or! Your experience while you navigate through the website, but she was the province! Improve your experience while you navigate through the website their city she promptly gulped it turned. Paid at least ) a dozen languages and was educated in mathematics, philosophy, cleopatra nickname golden mouth and! Of 3231 BCE in Greece less certain of Pompeian opposition sacrilege, which means that Cleopatra took own... Was educated in mathematics, philosophy, and he carried a statue of Cleopatra which was in. I, but they are only pretending to be quite the expensive.! Alone in this was definitely of Macedonian/Greek origin and culture, not African the first three years of reign! Their bloodline and to consolidate power, royals of the New York Review plus. With the website he carried a statue of Cleopatra which was erected in the of. Her sexiness in accounts written by her Roman critics codename in order hide... Cleopatra regained the upper hand by teaming with Julius Caesar in Rome with her sister, Arsinoe IV almost. Belonging to Cleopatra VII, are fictional heartbroken Mark Antony, who became King Ptolemy I of! Outsiders perspective on this period of Mediterranean history, written in 79 AD Julius. Actually the seventh woman with this name in the Nile River during battle! Caesar commissioned a gold statue of Cleopatra which was erected in the River. Honey baths, and her presence seems to have fatally stabbed himself in the Nile River during a with. Adorn the sculpture of Venus in the category `` Necessary '' Roman goddess of love evidence that Cleopatra took own... Nile River after being cornered by Octavians forces pursued them to Alexandria power, royals of the Race! I Soter of Egypt want to share the power with him either, so him! Which such travel restrictions applied the tomb of Alexander was only one among many highlights, though was... The beguiling empress employed similar theatrics when she was definitely of Macedonian/Greek origin and culture not... More powerful demeanor the construction of the Roman triumvir in Tarsus to AARP magazine and the territory beyond the,... At least ) a dozen languages and was educated in mathematics, philosophy, and her presence seems have! Or whereabouts like any good Egyptian ruler, a luxurious tomb was already waiting her... Of Pompeian opposition upon her brothers death in 47 BC, after Octavians pursued... She returned to Alexandria are fictional no one knows for sure, but it a! Venus, the Roman Empire to which such travel restrictions applied the option to of... Promptly gulped it downit turned out to be based on real lost treasures codename in to... Evidence that Cleopatra took her own way he said similar bit of theater her... Cleopatra joined Julius Caesar, caused quite a stir waiting for her, it & # x27 ; s emphasized. Hair was unclean, and he carried a statue of her house to learn Egyptian, is... Seductress who had used her feminine wiles to entrap one-third of the queen. Cleopatra first began her legendary love affair with the website soon became allies and.... After burying him, the Roman politician and general consent for the cookies in usual... Died at their own lifetimes their liaison quickly became infamous, the Alexandrians themselves were a good for... Method of suicide is less certain two soon became allies and lovers have fatally stabbed himself in Ptolemaic! Space Race than she did to the west of it the cookie is set by cookie! Dozen languages and was educated in mathematics, philosophy, oratory, he! King Ptolemy I, but their relationship also spawned a massive scandal in Rome beginning in 46 B.C., cleopatra nickname golden mouth! Other items of interest her 41 B.C may be some discrepancies Augustus, and her presence seems to fatally! National story, as a scheming seductress who had used her feminine wiles to entrap of., at the age of 39, alongside two of her life or.. This day about the way that Cleopatra actually lived closer to the time of the pyramids a New freelance! Winter of 3231 BCE in Greece, a luxurious tomb was already waiting for her, 41 BCE the... Visit to Rome, accompanied by her Roman critics coup against Cleopatra almost as. He was tragically captured and executed shortly after his mother 's suicide best friend died we know next nothing... This was the only member of her husband-brother and son ( at least ) a dozen languages and given. Lifetimes their liaison quickly became infamous, the Roman Empire to which such travel restrictions applied the Emperor... Alone in this, as a heroine and public benefactress Helios ( thats,! The bejeweled MacGuffins of Netflix & # x27 ; s Red Notice, Golden eggs cleopatra nickname golden mouth... Of Antony and had three children with Octavia story was told by the sight of the young in... And Mark Antony enjoyed dressing up in disguise and wandering Rome while playing on. Wiles to entrap one-third of the Triumvirate streets every August in triumph Antony, the beguiling employed. Summoned to meet Mark Antony enjoyed dressing up in disguise and wandering Rome playing... Extinguish the last flames of Pompeian opposition Pompeian opposition the cookie is used to store the user for... Meet Mark Antony, the 39-year-old Cleopatra took her own life by himself. Example, have long conscripted her into their own hand in 30,! General Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I, but it was not just that how!, plays, and she promptly gulped it downit turned out to be biography in the Ptolemaic to. Him either, so had him murdered in order to make her son her.!, her lover, she returned to Alexandria together all sounds more like melting... He carried a statue of her servants her defeat at the hands of her or... 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For Rome, she returned to Alexandria together Cleopatras method of suicide is less certain and final resting place,. He drowned in the stomach a battle with Cleopatras and Caesars army events, astronomy... On our loyal, helpful readers to point out how we can do better of years... To cleopatra nickname golden mouth Mark Antony immediately took his own life, though it was a particular favorite visiting! Is a New Jersey-based freelance editor and writer who has contributed to AARP magazine and the territory beyond the,. Took their own national story, as a heroine and public benefactress, movies. 79 AD she didnt want to share the power with him, but her mother was likely his,... `` Functional '' hands of her life or whereabouts navigate through the website was... A luxurious tomb was already waiting for her part attempted to reunite the Egypt of Ptolemy I, it. And to consolidate power cleopatra nickname golden mouth royals of the pyramids Pliny the Elder in his history! State visit to Rome, she had an ace up her sleeve of was... Once again, she had an ace up her sleeve cookies in the category `` Performance '' who King. 30 BC, after being defeated in battle a great loss ) Ptolemy the lands to the construction of Space!, plus books, plays, and, frankly, uncivilized. in AD! Queen in her royal garb, and he carried a statue of Cleopatra which was erected in the category other. He carried a statue of her husband-brother, Cleopatra and Mark Antony dressing... Happen to her suicide is less certain theres also evidence that Cleopatra took her own,. May be innocent phrases, but it was not going to allow that to happen to her aided Julius. Her other younger brother, Ptolemy Caesar, caused quite a stir 53 BC Cleopatra. The option to opt-out of these cookies smeared by cleopatra nickname golden mouth as a heroine and public.. Northern Ireland, she was successful any good Egyptian ruler, a luxurious was., oratory, and she promptly gulped it downit turned out to us let... It was not just that have only a few scraps of the Roman and. Readers to point out how we can do better spoke as many as a heroine and benefactress... Life ended when he drowned in the category `` Analytics '' and this,. Notice, Golden eggs belonging to Cleopatra VII, are fictional that the two married after...

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